59.

Book of Tribute

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كتاب الجزية

(18807) Masoor bin Mukhram and Marwan bin Hakam narrate that in the year of Hudaibiyah, the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) set out with a little over a thousand companions. When he reached Dhu al-Halifa, he put straps around the necks of the sacrificial animals and declared them for Hajj. He put on the Ihram of Hajj and sent ahead a man from the tribe of Khuza'a, Quraysh, for reconnaissance. When he reached the valley of An-Nashaat, which is near Usfan, the Khuza'i spy came back and said that Kab bin Lu'ayy and 'Amir bin Lu'ayy have gathered their army. (b) Yahya bin Sa'eed narrates from Abdullah bin Mubarak that they have gathered their army for you. They want to fight you and stop you from going to the Ka'aba. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Advise me regarding them. Do you think we should capture the children of those who help us? If they stay put, they will be worried, and if they try to escape, they will be slaughtered. Those whom Allah has destined to be killed will be killed. Or do you think we should only fight against those who are stopping us from the Ka'aba?" Then Abu Bakr said: "Allah and His Messenger know best. We have only come for Hajj. We have no intention of fighting, but whoever creates an obstacle between us and the Ka'aba, we will fight them." You said: "Then let's go." Zuhri narrates: Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) says that no one consulted his companions more than the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Zuhri says regarding the narration of Masoor bin Mukhram and Marwan bin Hakam that when they set out on a path, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Khalid bin Walid is at a place called Ghamin with the vanguard of Quraysh. You should take the right path." By Allah! Khalid had no idea. Suddenly, he was behind the army. He was frightening the Quraysh. When they reached the valley in front of which the disbelievers were faced, your ride sat down. The people shouted, "Get up! Get up! Qaswa is standing still! Qaswa is standing still!" The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Qaswa has not stood still by her own will, nor is it her habit. It is that Being who has stopped her, who had stopped the elephants of Abraha." Then he said: "By the Being in whose hand is my life, they (Quraysh) will ask me for such a thing in which they will respect the sanctity of Allah, and I will accept every such thing from them." Then he urged Qaswa, and she jumped up. He turned away from the path to Makkah and went towards Hudaibiyah. Then he dismounted at the last edge of Hudaibiyah, where there was a small well of water. People were getting a little water from there, and soon the water in the well dried up. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was informed about the thirst, he took out an arrow from his quiver and ordered the people to throw that arrow into the well. The narrator says that by Allah! As soon as the arrow was thrown, the water started gushing out, so much so that the people drank their fill until they left. They were in this state when Budail bin Warqa' al-Khuza'i came with a group of Banu Khuza'a. He was the confidant of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) among the people of Thaqif. He said: "I have left Kab bin Lu'ayy and 'Amir bin Lu'ayy behind." Ahmad (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates: Yahya bin Sa'eed narrates from Abdullah bin Mubarak that he said: "I have left Kab bin Lu'ayy and 'Amir bin Lu'ayy at the waters of Hudaibiyah with such a large army. They want to fight you and stop you from going to the Ka'aba." You said: "We have not come for fighting, but only for Hajj. The battles have weakened and harmed Quraysh. If they want, I can fix a period with them, and they should leave our way. If they want, they can join in the way other people are joining, otherwise they should all gather. If they refuse, then by Allah, I will fight them for this religion of mine until I am left alone, or Allah, the Lord of Majesty, enforces His command." Budail said: "I will convey your message to them." He went to the Quraysh and said: "I have come from this man (meaning Muhammad). I have heard some things from him. If you want, I will tell you." Their foolish people said: "Don't say anything in front of us. We don't need to hear anything." But the wise ones said: "Tell us what you have come to say." He said: "O people! Neither are you children nor am I a child." Urwah said: "Are you accusing me of something?" They said, "No accusation." He said: "Do you know that when I became angry with my people when they didn't listen to me, I came to you with my family, children, and followers?" The Quraysh said: "You are right." Then Urwah said: "He has made a valid point. Accept it and let me go to him." So the Quraysh allowed him to go. Urwah also talked to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in the same way as Budail. And at that time, Urwah also said, "O Muhammad! What do you think? If you eliminate your nation, have you ever heard of anyone before you who eliminated their nation and on the other hand, by Allah, I see your frivolous people who will leave you and run away. Then Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) said, "Go and suck the private part of Lat! Will we run away leaving you?" Urwah asked, "Who is this?" They said, "Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him)." Urwah said, "By Allah! If it weren't for your favor upon me, I would have answered you." Then he started talking to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Whenever he spoke, he would touch the beard of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Mughirah bin Shu'bah took out his sword and stood right by the head of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Whenever Urwah would move his hand towards the beard of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), Mughirah would put his hand on the handle of his sword and say, "Take your hand away from the blessed beard of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)." Urwah asked, "Who is this?" The Companions said, "Mughirah bin Shu'bah." Urwah said, "O deceitful one! Didn't I pay the amount of your deceit?" Mughirah was from his people, and in the days of ignorance, he had killed someone and looted their wealth. Then he came and accepted Islam. You had said, "I accept your Islam, but I have nothing to do with the wealth." Then Urwah observed the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) with his own eyes. The saliva of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) would fall on the hands of the companions, and they would rub it on their faces and bodies. And when you would order them, they would obey immediately. And when you would perform ablution, they would almost fight over the water of your ablution. And when you would speak to them, they would lower their voices, and no one would look at you directly out of respect. Urwah returned to the Quraysh and said: "O my people! I have been to the courts of Caesar, Khosrow, and Negus. I have not seen any king whose companions respect him as much as the companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) respect Muhammad. By Allah! If they spit, it falls on the palm of someone who then rubs it on their face and body. They obey orders immediately, almost fighting over the water of his ablution. And when they speak, they do so in a low voice and do not look at him directly out of respect. He has presented a good thing, accept it." A man from Banu Kinanah said: "I am going to him." The Quraysh allowed him to go as well. When he went to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and his companions, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "This is so-and-so. He is from his people. He respects sacrifices. Offer sacrifices before him." The people welcomed him by saying Talbiyah. When he saw this, he said: "Glory be to Allah! Such people should not be stopped from the Ka'aba." Then Makraz bin Hafs said: "Allow me to go to him." When he came, you said: "Makraz bin Hafs is a wicked man." He started talking to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). In the meantime, Suhail bin 'Amr arrived. 'Ikrama says: When Suhail bin 'Amr came, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Your matter has been made easy." Zuhri says: Suhail bin 'Amr said: "Come, let me write a treaty between me and you." He asked for a scribe. You said: "Write, 'In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful'." Suhail said: "We don't know about Rahman. Rather, write with your name, 'O Allah'." You said: "Write, 'Bismika Allahumma'." Then he said: "Write, 'This is the treaty that Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, has made'." Suhail objected and said: "By Allah! If we believed that you are the Messenger of Allah, we would not have stopped you from entering the Ka'aba. Write 'Muhammad bin Abdullah'." Hearing this, the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "By Allah! Despite your denial, I am the Messenger of Allah. Write 'Muhammad bin Abdullah'." Zuhri said regarding the saying, "They (Quraysh) will ask me for such a thing in which they will respect the sanctity of Allah, and I will accept every such thing from them," that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "Move away from between us and the Ka'aba so that we may perform Tawaf of the Ka'aba." Suhail said: "By Allah, the Arabs will not say that we were suddenly overpowered. But you can come next year." You got it written. Then Suhail said: "Whoever from our side comes to you, even if he is on your religion, you are bound to return him to us." The Muslims said: "Glory be to Allah! How can he be returned to the polytheists when he has become a Muslim?" We were in this state when Abu Jandal, the son of Suhail, came while dragging his shackles. He had escaped from the lower part of Makkah and come among the Muslims. Suhail said: "O Muhammad! This is the first demand, return Abu Jandal." You said: "We do not break our promise after the agreement, but the agreement is not yet complete." Suhail said: "Then we will not make the agreement at all." You said: "Give him refuge for my sake." Suhail said: "I will not give him refuge." You said: "Then let Makraz do it." The narrator says: "We will not do that." Then Makraz said: "We have given him refuge for your sake." Abu Jandal said: "O group of Muslims! I am being returned to the polytheists while I am a Muslim. Don't you see in what condition I have come and how I have been punished for the sake of Allah?" Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) says: "I came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and said: 'Are you not the Prophet of Allah?' He said: 'I am the Prophet of Allah.' I asked: 'Are we not on the truth, and are our enemies not on falsehood?' He said: 'We are on the truth, and our enemies are on falsehood.' I said: 'Then why this weakness in religion?' You said: 'I am the Messenger of Allah. I do not disobey Him. He is my Helper.' I asked: 'Did you not say that we would soon perform Tawaf of the Ka'aba?' He said: 'Did I say that we would do it this year?' I said: 'No, you didn't say that.' He said: 'You will come and perform its Tawaf.'" Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) says: "I came to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). I asked: 'O Abu Bakr! Is the Prophet of Allah not on the truth?' He said: 'He is on the truth.' I said: 'Are we not on the truth, and are our enemies not on falsehood?' He said: 'That's right.' I said: 'Then why are we showing weakness in our religion?' Abu Bakr said: 'O Umar! He is the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). He will never disobey his Lord, and He will help him. Be patient until death. By Allah! He is on the truth.' Umar said, 'Did you say something about performing Tawaf of the Ka'aba?' Abu Bakr said, 'Did you say to perform Tawaf this year?' I said, 'No.' Then he said, 'You will come and perform its Tawaf.'" Zuhri says that Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I did something about it." When the agreement was completed, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) ordered his companions to sacrifice the animals. Then he said: "Shave your heads." The narrator says that despite you saying it three times, no one stood up. When no one stood up, you went to Umm Salama and told her about the worry that had come over the people. Umm Salama asked, "Do you like it?" You said, "Yes." She said, "Then go and sacrifice your animal without talking to anyone and shave your head." So you did the same. You sacrificed your animal without talking to anyone and called the barber and got your head shaved. When they saw this, they sacrificed their animals and shaved each other's heads. They were about to kill their own companions in their grief. Then some believing women arrived, so Allah revealed this verse: {O you who believe! When believing women come to you as emigrants...} (Al-Mumtahanah: 10) until He reached {..with the protection of the disbelievers.} The narrator says: On the same day, Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) divorced two women. Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him) married one, and Safwan bin Umayya (may Allah be pleased with him) married the other. Then you returned to Madinah. Then Abu Basir came. He was a Muslim man from Quraysh. Yahya narrates from Abdullah bin Mubarak that Abu Basir bin As'ad ath-Thaqafi migrated after accepting Islam. Akhins bin Shariq, who was a disbeliever from Banu Amir bin Lu'ayy, wrote a letter to his slave and another person, saying, "Tell them to fulfill their promise." The disbelievers of Makkah sent two men to bring him back, saying, "Return the one you have an agreement with us about." You handed over Abu Basir to them. They took him and set out for Makkah. When they reached a place called Dhu al-Halifa, the two men stopped there to eat dates. Abu Basir said to one of them, "O so-and-so! By Allah! I find your sword very good." The other one handed him the sword, saying, "By Allah! It is very good. I have tested it. Here, take a look. I want you to see it." He handed the sword to Abu Basir. Abu Basir struck him with the sword and killed him. When he had cooled down, the other man ran away and reached Madinah. Panting, he entered the Prophet's Mosque. Seeing him, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "This man has encountered something terrifying." He hurriedly said: "My companion has been killed. Surely I will also be killed." In the meantime, Abu Basir also arrived. Abu Basir said: "O Prophet of Allah! Allah has fulfilled your responsibility. You returned me, then Allah saved me from them." The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "May your mother lose you! You are a kindler of the fire of war, even if it's just one companion of yours." Hearing this, Abu Basir became certain that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) would send him back, so he left and went to the seashore. In the meantime, Abu Jandal bin Suhail broke free from his shackles and joined Abu Basir. Then whoever from the Quraysh would escape after accepting Islam would join Abu Basir, until a group of them was formed. The narrator said that by Allah! Whenever they would hear about a caravan of Quraysh going towards Syria, they would attack it, kill the people of the caravan, and seize their belongings. The Quraysh got scared and sent a message to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). They swore by kinship and by Allah and said, "Send a message to (Abu Basir's group) and call them to Madinah. Whoever comes to you after accepting Islam will be safe." The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) sent them a message to come to Madinah. Upon this, Allah revealed this verse: {And it is He Who withheld their hands from you and your hands from them...} until He reached {...the zeal of the days of ignorance.} [Al- Fath 26] That Being who restrained their hands from you and your hands from them. And their outrage was that they did not accept you as a Prophet and did not let you write 'Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim' and stopped you from the Ka'aba. [Sahih al-Bukhari 2734].