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Book of Purification

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كتاب الطهارة

It is narrated on the authority of Sayyidna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) that a woman wrote to him that I have been suffering from istihaadah (non-menstrual bleeding) for such and such days and I have heard that Sayyidna Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said that such a woman should perform ghusl (ritual bath) for every prayer? Sayyidna Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: Apart from the statement of Ali, we do not find any concession for you.

Yahya bin Abi Kathir said: Abu Salama or 'Ikrima reported to me from Ummul Mu'minin Zainab, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah be pleased with her, that she used to observe I'tikaf with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and she had a continuous flow of blood (istihada). He commanded her to perform Ghusl for every prayer.

It is narrated from Yahya bin Abi Kathir that Sayyiduna Ali and Sayyiduna Ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with them both, said that a woman experiencing istihaadah (non-menstrual bleeding) should perform ghusl (ritual bath) for every prayer.

Imam Auza'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I heard from Ata' ibn Abi Rabah that (a woman with istihadah) should perform one ghusl (ritual bath) for every two prayers and a separate ghusl for Fajr. Imam Auza'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Zuhri and Makhul (may Allah have mercy on them) used to say that she should perform ghusl for every prayer.

Umm Habiba reported: Wahb mentioned that Umm Habiba bint Jahsh had continuous bleeding, and she asked the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, about it. He said, "Perform ghusl (ritual bath) for each prayer and pray."

Abu Bishr (Ja'far ibn Abi Wahshiyya) said: I heard Sa'id ibn Jubayr (may Allah have mercy on him) say: A woman wrote to Ibn 'Abbas and Ibn Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with them) that she was experiencing istihadah (non-menstrual bleeding), she was not becoming pure, and she was asking them, for the sake of Allah, to give her a religious ruling, as people had told her that 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) used to say that such a woman should perform ghusl (ritual bath) for every prayer. Abu Bishr said: I heard this letter, and wrote back in my own hand that I do not know anything other than the statement of 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) [meaning that what they were told is correct]. It was said that Kufa is a cold place, he said: If Allah willed, He would have tested them with something greater than that.

It is narrated on the authority of Mujahid that Sayyidina Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them both) was asked about (praying) in a cold region. He said: "Then (in that case) pray Zuhr late and 'Asr early, and perform Ghusl once. Pray Maghrib late and 'Isha' early with one Ghusl, and perform Ghusl once for Fajr."

Zainab bint Umm Salamah, may Allah be pleased with them both, narrated that the daughter of Juhaish was married to Abdur Rahman bin Auf, and she used to suffer from continuous bleeding. When she would get out of the tub or after taking a bath, the blood would surface above the water. Then she would pray.

Imam Auza'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: I heard Imam Zuhri and Yahya bin Abi Kathir (may Allah have mercy on them) saying: They used to say that she (a woman experiencing istihaadah (non-menstrual bleeding)) should perform ghusl (ritual bath) for every prayer. Imam Auza'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: And this is the narration that reached me from Mak'hul as well.

Imam Auza'i narrated to me that Ata informed me that Ibn Abbas used to say: "There is a bath for every two prayers, except for Fajr prayer, which is offered with one bath."

A woman asked Imam Ibrahim Nakha'i, may Allah have mercy on him, "I have continuous bleeding." He said, "Sprinkle water, it will stop the bleeding from you."

It is narrated from Imam Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) about a divorced woman whose menstruation cannot be determined (i.e., whether it is coming or has stopped), he said: "She should wait for a whole year. If menstruation comes, then fine, otherwise after one year, she should observe three months of waiting period (iddah). If menstruation comes, then fine, otherwise her waiting period is complete."

Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked about the waiting period ('iddah) of a woman experiencing istihada (non-menstrual bleeding). He narrated from Ibn Shihab (al-Zuhri), on the authority of Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib (may Allah have mercy on them both), that her waiting period is one year. Imam Darimi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "This is the saying of Imam Malik (may Allah have mercy on him)."

'Amr ibn Dinar said: Jabir ibn Zayd was asked about the divorce of a young girl who has stopped menstruating before reaching the age of maturity, (what would be her waiting period?). So he said: She will observe a period similar to the period of menstruation without menstruation. Imam Taawoos (may Allah have mercy on him) said (explaining): She will observe a waiting period of three months.

It is narrated from Mu'ammar that Imam Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "When a man divorces his wife and she stops menstruating after one or two cycles, if this stoppage is due to old age, then she will observe an iddah (waiting period) of three months. But if she is young and has doubts, then she will observe an iddah for one year after the onset of doubt."

It is narrated on the authority of Qatadah: 'Ikrimah (the freed slave of Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them) said: "The waiting period of a woman with istihadah (non-menstrual bleeding) and a woman whose menstruation is irregular, sometimes once a month and sometimes twice a month, is three months (i.e., the waiting period of divorce)."

It was narrated from Hisham that Hammad said: “She should observe an ‘Iddah (waiting period) of three quru’ (i.e., three menstrual periods).”

Saeed bin Al-Musayyab (may Allah have mercy on him) said: The waiting period ('iddah) for a woman experiencing istihaadah (non-menstrual bleeding) is one year.

Imam Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) said: A woman experiencing istihaadah (non-menstrual bleeding) will observe the 'iddah (waiting period) according to her usual menstrual cycle. So, if she is divorced, her 'iddah will be three menstrual cycles.

Imam Zuhri, may Allah have mercy on him, said: "She will observe the waiting period ('iddah) by 'iqra' (meaning menstruation or purity)." Imam Darimi, may Allah have mercy on him, said: "The people of Hijaz understand 'iqra' to mean the state of purity (from menses), while the people of Iraq understand it to mean menstruation (its state and duration)." Imam Darimi, may Allah have mercy on him, said: "And in my view, it is menstruation."

Imam Hasan (may Allah have mercy on him) said: A woman experiencing istihada (non-menstrual bleeding) will observe her waiting period ('iddah) according to her usual menstrual cycle.

It is narrated on the authority of Imam Auza'i that I (Ibn Shihab) asked Zuhri about a man who divorced his young wife, who used to menstruate but at the time of divorce, her period had stopped and she hadn't seen any blood, what would be her waiting period? He said: Three months.

Imam Auza'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: And I also asked Imam Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him): A man divorced his wife, she had two menstrual cycles then they stopped, so how many days will her waiting period (iddah) be? He said: Her waiting period will be one year.

He also said: I also asked Imam Zuhri, may Allah have mercy on him: A man divorced his wife who used to menstruate. She remained for three months (without menstruating) then she menstruated once. Then (after coming once) her period stopped and she remained for seven or eight months (without menstruating). Then she menstruated a second time. The first time it came early, the second time the period was very late. So how will she complete her ‘iddah? He said: Her period came back irregularly within the specified time, so her ‘iddah will be one year.

Imam Auza'i, may Allah have mercy on him, was asked: If a divorce occurs and the woman menstruates only once a year, what would be her waiting period? He said: If she used to menstruate and experience purity at her regular time, then in our opinion, she should observe the waiting period of menstruation.

It is narrated from Imam Auza'i (may Allah have mercy on him) that he said: I asked Imam Zuhri (may Allah have mercy on him): If a man buys a young slave girl who is not yet of age and is not like one who can become pregnant, what is the waiting period for her purification? He said: Three months.

Yahya bin Abi Kathir said: "There will be a period of forty-five days."

Sayyiduna Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) used to say about a woman suffering from istihada (non-menstrual bleeding) that she should perform ghusl (ritual bath) for every prayer and then offer her prayer.

Hammad said: "A menstruating woman who has missed several months of prayer due to ignorance must make up for all those prayers." It was asked: "How will she make them up?" He said: "If she is able, she should make up for all the prayers in a single day." Imam Darimi (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked: "Do you also say the same?" He said: «أي والله» (Yes, by Allah, I also say the same).